Tension Headaches, Migraines, and Red Flags to Watch Out For

Headaches are one of the most common health complaints worldwide, affecting over 90% of people at some point in their lives. They are also a leading cause of functional disability. While most headaches are harmless, others can be more serious or even life-threatening. Listen to this episode of First Line for more information on tension headaches and migraines.

Content in this post is for educational and informational purposes only, not as medical advice. Please consult your primary care physician if you have new or worsening symptoms that have not been evaluated.

Types of Headaches

Tension Headaches

Tension headaches are the most common type, accounting for about 80% of all headaches. They are often described as a band-like, dull, and constant pain that affects the whole head or the front of the head. These headaches may be triggered by stress, poor sleep, poor posture, and anxiety. Symptoms can include sensitivity to light and sound and tender neck muscles. Tension headaches can last anywhere from less than an hour to several days and may be chronic for some individuals.

Migraine Headaches

Migraine headaches are typically more severe than tension headaches and are characterized by throbbing or pulsating pain. They can also be associated with nausea, vomiting, and increased sensitivity to light and sound. Migraines usually last from 4 hours to 2 days but can persist for up to 3 days.

Common migraine triggers include the following:

• Stress

• Hormonal fluctuations (especially in women)

• Certain foods (e.g., chocolate, cheese, citrus fruits)

• Alcohol and nicotine

• Dehydration and poor sleep

Some individuals may experience a warning sign called an aura, which can involve visual disturbances, numbness, or trouble speaking.

Headache Red Flags: When to Seek Medical Attention

While most headaches are not life-threatening, certain warning signs may indicate a more serious condition. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:

Sudden Onset or Severe Headaches

• Sudden following physical trauma

• Changing pain with positioning or progressively worsens

• Associated with confusion, seizures, or vision changes

New Headaches Under Specific Conditions

• After starting a new medication

• Accompanied by fever, muscle pain, or fatigue

• Alongside a history of cancer or immune system issues (e.g., HIV)

• During pregnancy or postpartum

• Age older than 50 years old

Signs Your Headache is Low Risk

Some headaches are considered low risk and may not require immediate medical evaluation.

• Most headaches in individuals younger than 30 years old

• Previous similar headaches with a consistent pattern (e.g., tension or migraine headaches)

Conclusion: Understanding Headaches and Their Causes

Headaches are a common occurrence and, for the most part, are harmless. However, it's essential to understand the common types of headaches and their triggers. Always consult with a healthcare provider if you experience unusual or severe headaches, especially if they are accompanied by any red flags.

By recognizing the signs and symptoms early on, you can reduce the impact headaches have on your daily life and overall well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. What are the most common types of headaches?

The most common types of headaches are tension headaches, which account for about 80% of cases, and migraines, which make up around 10%.

2. How can I tell if my headache is serious?

If your headache is sudden, severe, or accompanied by symptoms like confusion, vision changes, seizures, or fever, it could be a sign of a more serious condition. Consult a doctor if you experience any red flags.

3. What are common triggers for migraines?

Migraines can be triggered by factors such as stress, hormonal changes, certain foods (like chocolate or cheese), alcohol, dehydration, and poor sleep.

4. Can headaches be a sign of something more serious?

While most headaches are harmless, they can sometimes indicate underlying conditions such as infections (e.g., meningitis) or brain issues (e.g., tumors or hemorrhages). If your headache is different from your usual pattern or worsens rapidly, seek medical advice.

5. Are headaches hereditary?

Yes, migraines in particular tend to run in families. If a parent or sibling has a history of migraines, you may be more likely to experience them as well.